Organizational Behavior Cognitive and Emotional Dissonance

LEARNING ISSUES 1. What is Cognitive Dissonance and how it happens? According to Steven L. McShane and Mary Ann Von Glinow in the Organizational Behaviour book had mentioned that emotions and attitudes usually lead to behaviour, but behaviour sometimes influences our attitudes through the process of cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance occurs when we perceive an inconsistency creates an uncomfortable tension (dissonance) that we are motivated to reduce by changing one or more of these elements. Behaviour is usually the most difficult element to change, particularly when it is known to everyone, was done voluntarily and cant be undone. 2. What is Emotional Dissonance and how it happens? Steven L. McShane and Mary Ann Von Glinow†¦show more content†¦It entails deciding which information to notice, how to categorize this information, and how to interpret it within our existing knowledge. I. INTRODUCTION 1. This case study is portraying several characters working at The New Enterprise Group at James-Williams. James-Williams is one of the six largest public accounting firm in Canada with 400 partners practicing in 30 Canadian cities. James-Williams was the sole Canadian member of James-William International which provided audit, tax, consulting and other services to individuals, private business and governments in Americas, Europe, the middle East, Africa, Asia and the Pacific. 2. The New Enterprise is a section inside James-Williams and was set up seven years ago to provide service to smaller growth companies managed by entrepreneurs. The New Enterprise Group provided a range of consulting services geared to the needs of growing entrepreneurial companies. In addition to accounting and auditing services, the partners acted as principal business advisors. Client companies were particularly interested in the subjects of corporate finance and tax consulting. 3. The New Enterprise Group was organized as a collegial system of partners who managed their own objectives established by James-Williams. There are several characters involve in this case study such as Bob Chen, David Shorter, Joe Silverman, Mike McLeod and other partners. In order to understand theShow MoreRelatedChallenges and Opportunities for Ob1613 Words   |  7 Pagesmeasures one’s actions. c. Attitudes are the emotional part of an evaluation of some person, object or event. d. Attitudes are evaluative statements concerning objects, people or events e. Attitudes are a measure of how the worth of an object, person or event is evaluated. 2. The belief that â€Å"violence is wrong† is a evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the component of an attitude. a. cognitive b. affective c. reflective Read MoreWhat Does Cognitive Dissonance Affect Your Attitude?1726 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is cognitive dissonance? 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By understanding it, we may know their attitude, and can predict the behavior of peoples. It help us to gain a greater understanding of those factors that influence individual and group dynamics in an organizational setting so that individuals and the groups and organizationsRead MoreOb Testplan Attitudes5920 Words   |  24 Pagesconduct.† a. Values b. Attitudes c. Convictions d. Preferences (a; Moderate; p. 63) 2. The content attribute states a value is: a. complete. b. important. c. a basic conviction. d. related to behavior. (b; Moderate; p. 63) 3. When we rank an individual’s values in terms of his/her _____, we obtain the person’s value system. a. intensity b. content c. context d. social acceptance (a; Moderate; p. 63) 4. Read MoreDifferent Types Of Individual Behavior1683 Words   |  7 Pagesattitudes, and stress. In combination with one’s individual characteristics, there are four variables that influence an individual’s behavior and performance. 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Zaugg robert.zaugg@unifr.ch Individual Behavior Learning Objectives †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Explain the nature of the individual-organization relationship Define personality and describe personality attributes that affect behavior in organizations Discuss individual attitudes in organizations and how they affect behavior Describe basic perceptual processes and the role of attributions in organizations Explain how workplace behaviors can directly or indirectlyRead MoreSocial Psychology And Multiculturalism1644 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent theories and identifications. For example, social psychology and multiculturalism work together to create the social change people aspire to. However, social psychology, according to Jahoda (2016), cannot explain the link between the social behavior and the social norms of the society and culture. Hence, social psychology could be a challenge when a person tries other cultures. Furthermore, there are ethical-related issues with theories of psychology that aim at creating positive social changeRead MoreSocial Psychology And Multiculturali sm1714 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent theories and identifications. For example, social psychology and multiculturalism work together to create the social change people aspire to. However, social psychology, according to Jahoda (2016), cannot explain the link between the social behavior and the social norms of the society and culture. Hence, social psychology could be a challenge when a person tries other cultures. Furthermore, there are ethical-related issues with theories of psychology that aim at creating positive social changeRead MoreThe Transportation Department Of Creative Toys Company1254 Words   |  6 Pagesboth managerial and communicational aspects. These negative organizational behaviors aggravate the tension between employee and employer. A pointed situation here is the rearrangement. As composing a part of social system, physical environment is the basic element that provides people a place to work. Unfortunately, it has been given little attention and is one of the most vaguely understood aspects of management and organizational behavior. Three of the main functions regarding internal physical environmentRead MoreDifferent Theories of Motivation1736 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Motivation is a reason or set or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior, especially human behavior as studied in psychology and neuropsychology. The reasons may include basic needs (e.g., food, water, shelter) or an object, goal, state of being, or ideal that is desirable, which may or may not be viewed as positive, such as seeking a state of being in which pain is absent. The motivation for a behavior may also be attributed to less-apparent reasons such as altruism or morality.

Sociology and Social Sciences Free Essays

string(123) " be such as to produce â€Å"high need-achievement† directed towards â€Å"clusters of followers† once innovations are made\." The traditional social sciences which have been developed as part of the totality of learning in the West have been brought over to Asia. It is now becoming increasingly evident that the validity of such social sciences, whether in the realm of research theory or of action policy, can no longer be accepted uncritically. An appreciation of what is valid or invalid, applicable or inapplicable, is therefore imperative. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology and Social Sciences or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such analysis is necessary not only as an academic venture; social change is basic to the Asian aspiration for modernization and the need is urgent for such change to be directed towards the achievement of what may well be Asian as distinguished from non-Asian goals. CULTURE The problem is clear and present. The Asian academic world, until now, has been staffed with many scholars whose training has been, for the most part, in Western universities and institutions. At the same time, the political and intellectual leadership in the larger life of its society is held to a significant degree of Western-trained leaders. The orientation of many of these leaders has been conditioned by the predominantly Western culture. Trained to think in Western terms through the medium of Western languages, some are experiencing a reawakening to the reality of their situation. Asian intellectuals are undergoing an agonizing period of soul-searching. Their system of values, developed through years of training in, and broad exposure to, Western philosophies, is being shattered by a realization that these values may not be suitable to the Asian environment. Recently, Professor Ruben Santos-Cuyugan of the University of the Philippines expressed misgivings about the movement towards the unification of all knowledge, including the assumption of â€Å"universal categories of culture† and the universality of value judgment. This movement, according to him, makes the social scientist evade one of his fundamental responsibilities which is â€Å"to examine the ways by which his science and thought, indeed his very perceptions, are rooted in the matrix of his own culture† (Santos-Cuyugan 1967). POLITICS In the meantime, in the realm of politics, the postwar leaders of Asia have discovered that independence has not automatically ushered in the Utopia. Thus, they are not seeking the nature and structure of government that will best meet their needs, the political philosophies their peoples should embrace or adopt, and the policies that will bring about the good society by their indigenous standards and values. A starting point is the fact that with a few exceptions, the developing countries of Asia profess belief in freedom and human rights, the rule of law and constitutional government. These concepts and maxims are manifested in their constitutions. However, in spite of guarantees enshrined in their constitutions, these countries find it difficult to achieve real constitutional democracy. For the constitutions of the West have, in many cases, been transplanted to Asian soil without the historical experience that nurtured them in the West, where they were the products of a long period of evolution and development. Democracy implies mass participation by the people in the political process. But if the people are not sufficiently educated in the processes of democracy, or have not sufficiently imbibed its spirit, how can it flourish? In fact, one wonders whether or not the structure of government of the Philippines, patterned as it is after the outlined in the American Constitution, is not really a hindrance to, rather than an instrument for, national development. In any case, it has become quite clear that Western-style democracy has to be modified so as to satisfy the urgent Asian desire for economic progress and social justice. Liberty, as this term is used in the West, has mainly the negative connotation of freedom from arbitrary restraint. In the Asian setting, it must be given a positive content; governments have to assume a greater responsibility for providing opportunities for the growth and self-realization of citizens. In the same manner, â€Å"justice† has had mainly a political connotation in the West, where it is usually associated with law and social behavior. In Asia, if political justice were not integrally related to economic justice, it would be almost peripheral to the real problems. In so far as Asians are concerned, economic justice is the more relevant concept because it touches the heart of the existing social order. In this sense, it is associated with the eradication of poverty and the alleviation of human suffering. Another qualification should be made. There is so much lip-service to the concept of â€Å"rule of law† in many Asian societies. By this, people are supposed to be guided by certain legal precepts in their social relations. However, in the Philippine experience, despite the fact that most Filipinos are professed and vocal adherents of the â€Å"rule of law.† They do not find difficulty in transgressing legal rules because in the business of everyday living, non-legal rules oftentimes command greater obedience than legal ones, especially when values such as family and kinship ties are involved. This is part of the explanation of such phenomenon as nepotism. Which is certainly frowned upon by the formal laws of society, but which is carried out in practice by almost everyone in political authority. Finally, bureaucracy, as an institution, is in external forms and manifestations similar to its prototype in the West. The same formal methods of recruitment, of organizational charts, of job descriptions, etc. , are utilized. But the ethos that animates Asian bureaucracy is obviously quite different from what animates Western bureaucracy. ECONOMICS The discipline of economics fives many illustrations of the limits of applicability of Western concepts, values and methods. The most evident at the moment is the emergence of new branches of study, such as development economics, and of a more socio-psychological approach to the study of economic systems than Keynesian economics allowed at an earlier period. Thus even in the West, there is a growing recognition (e. g. , Hagen 1962), that if economic growth is to occur, a country’s cultural patterns must be such as to produce â€Å"high need-achievement† directed towards â€Å"clusters of followers† once innovations are made. You read "Sociology and Social Sciences" in category "Papers" In fact, to achieve substantial economic development, it is suggested that the number of individuals with the entrepreneurial-motivational complex, and particularly with high achievement drives, will have to be significantly increased. Again, many Western economists have been laboring under the assumption of conventional analysis that the missing elements in developing societies are modern technical knowledge, capital, specially trained manpower, and a sound plan for using capital, manpower and technical knowledge. Once these elements were made available, they assumed, progress will automatically ensue. The international economic policy of the Western nations have therefore generally been geared towards providing these missing elements, with perhaps the strongest bias being in the provision of capital as the principal agent of development. The view is still widespread that if Asian countries can only obtain, through their own efforts or through foreign assistance, as sufficient amount of capital, they would be able to â€Å"finish the job† of development. The truth is that investment, whether public or private is subject to the risks, uncertainties and eccentricities of the poor public administration. Since development is a process, it is subject at every stage to how effectively the government can execute its plans. Moreover, it is now clear that traditional marginal analysis, however useful it may be as a basis for the understanding of advanced economics, can be very misleading for underdeveloped ones. When such factors as population growth and technological progress are made an integral part of analysis, instead of being left out altogether as in traditional equilibrium theory, out analysis can lead to policy conclusions exactly the reverse of what orthodox equilibrium theory might suggest. Even with the emergence in the West of development economics as a new field for the study of developing countries, certain biases continue to show. An example is the fact that in the West, economic development as a goal has been reckoned almost exclusively in terms of increases in annual national income. The corollary problem of income distribution has been merely glossed over. This is a serious omission because of the existing wide disparities in incomes among the peoples of the developing nations. This is illustrated in Philippine society. For this society may be likened to a social pyramid with an acute apex and a very broad base. At the apex is a very small segment of society, the rich and the very rich; at the base are the broad masses of those who are poor and very poor. The constellation of power in our society has traditionally consisted of the hacendero-politico class at the apex of the social pyramid, which held sway over the lives of human beings. More recently, a new industrial class has appeared to increase their numerically few but historically powerful ranks. The elite class enjoys the benefits of modern technology and the affluence that it makes possible while the vast mass of the population lives close to the subsistence level. There is this a distressing and ever-widening gap in the process to goods and services. It is clear, therefore, that to be relevant to the realities of the Asian situation, economic development should not be reckoned only in terms of annual rates of economic growth, or of doubling national incomes in a decade. It should be vitally concerned with promoting economic justice, in spreading more widely the benefits of economic progress, and in continuously opening up new opportunities to an ever-widening circle of entrepreneurs and investors in the developing countries. In short, the achievement of economic democracy has to be a primordial goal, alongside the acceleration of the growth process. SOCIOLOGY In the realm of rural sociology, many practical limits to Western social research concepts and methods have been actually discovered in the Philippines. Methods and Techniques To begin with, planning a research project on the Western pattern is often not warranted by the amount and quality of available resources. There is, for instance, the problem of shortage of local professional social researchers compounded by the attitude which rural folks have for those social researchers. In the West, its rural folks are used to extension workers, welfare-agency volunteers, missionaries and the like. On the other hand, Philippine researchers and interviewers have been looked upon as philanthropists, as some sort of Rockefeller of Ford Foundation representatives ready to give out material aid (Feliciano 1965). The establishment of concepts and definitions has not been easy. Social research is built around a framework which requires certain concepts such as household, family, literacy, religion, cooperation, and the like. But a research group, led by Professor Gloria D. Feliciano of the University of the Philippines, has recently concluded that in diagnostic studies wherein these concepts need to be stated in more refined or precise terms, an adaptation is necessary to avoid getting inaccurate data (Feliciano 1965). The term â€Å"religious affiliation. † For instance, has a connotation in the Philippines different from that in the West, where individualism and not â€Å"familism† prevails. In the West, it implies not only membership of an individual in a religious group. But usually religious preferences as well. In the Philippines, where close family and community ties are predominant, religious affiliation becomes a family or community matter. Hence, the term does not necessarily imply the religious preference of the individual. Another example mention by a Philippine research group has to do with family types: In this country (Philippines), one may not find a simple or nuclear family defined and interpreted according to Western standards. For, although it may appear simple nuclear structurally, functionally it usually partakes of the character of the extended type. Studies in recent years have exploded the myth that structurally the Filipino family is of the extended type. Rather, they showed that although the majority of the nuclear families live apart from one another, this did not deter them from helping one another in times of need or crisis.  (Castillo 1963 and Feliciano 1964, cited in Feliciano 1965). In reporting one of his studies, a Filipino researcher expounded on the problem he encountered in regard to the concept of cooperation: In the West, where this term gave rise to cooperatives, one usually thinks of it in terms of a disciplined, highly ordered code of behavior, de-emphasized family loyalties, rigid business principles, and a high degree of rationalized behavior. In short, the term has come to be associated with individual independence. In the Philippines, however, where the practice is deeply rooted in familiar or family ties, it is a matter of interdependence among indivuals. (Provinse 1960, cited in Feliciano 1965). Finally, insofar as the concept of literacy is concerned, a further refinement of sub-types is needed in the Philippines. It has been discovered that very often one encounters people who could literally read and write but who do not fully understand what they read or write. Role of Women, Role of Education In another report, Professor Gelia T.  Castillo, a pioneer rural research scholar in the Philippines, has found it necessary to reexamine the role of women in the development scheme (Castillo 1964). Her findings showed such strong female influence in family and farm decision-making that for purposes of development work, it would be more fruitful to classify the Filipino woman in the rural scene as an active initiator, legitimizer, and decision-maker in her own right, rather than just a person who plays a mere supportive role to her husband, her father, or her barrio. A closer examination of the role of education has likewise been suggested because, while it is a potent instrument for effecting change in agricultural production, education acquires a different dimension when it â€Å"rules out mud on educated hands. † This view has been corroborated by another rural researcher, Professor Juan F. Jamias (1967). Who has an interesting explanation for the effectiveness of the â€Å"verbal culture† (education, research and extension) in increasing agricultural productivity in the Philippines. He states that the agricultural college degree in the Philippines has been â€Å"white-collarized. † He cites data on the employment distribution of graduates of the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, which show that except for 8 percent engaged in farming, all the rest may be classified as white-collar workers. A later and more comprehensive survey revealed that only 1. 3 percent were actually engaged in private farming or business. Most of the graduates were actively involved in teaching and extension work. There are other examples of generalization that need closer scrutiny. In community leadership, does youth versus age necessarily mean change versus status quo? Is the mutual self-help circle, often regarded as an existing resource for cohesive community action, coterminous with the village unit of operations? The problem of concepts and definitions aside, the Feliciano research group has found out, too, that Western scientific sampling techniques are quite difficult to apply because, oftentimes, sampling universes such as geographic, or political subdivision lines are not definitely established. Furthermore, in many places, the basic socio-economic structure of the occupational groups, ethnic and religious groups, and types of land-use and land ownership have not been objectively defined. Raw Materials from Research in Action Programs The traditional social research method, which has come down to us from the West, calls for empirical evidence to support existing ideas. Our experience shows that rural research theory in the Philippines, in fact, being enriched by various experiences in research in action programs. The findings of Professor Gelia Castillo show that the researcher in action setting â€Å"has a unique advantage in obtaining substantive and methodological insights while actually participating in real life events which are part of the process of bringing about change. † At times, she says the problem which defies any design except the kind which involves a faithful description of down-to-earth happenings, is the most fertile source of insights. Examples to support this view have been cited. In the Philippines, many extension workers have claimed that most of the researches done are not practical and economically feasible under village conditions (From The Innovator, 1965). In the Philippines, experience, new theories in rural sociology are arising from empirical evidence. And the existing facts and data gathered are quite interesting because they are the results of pioneer efforts, empirically identified with their meanings laid bare rather than assumed by the conceptualizer. Truly, the agents of change in rural Philippines are breaking virgin ground. Knowing One’s Audience As we have said, in effecting directed social change, Western social scientists have focused their attention on knowing one’s audience. Even in the voluminous literature on diffusion studies in the United States, rarely have investigators addressed themselves to the nature of the innovation and the character of the carriers of change. Among the advocates of change, there is an unchallenged assumption that the change being introduced is good, that the change agent is effective and that, therefore, the farmer who refuses to accept the innovation is irrational (Castillo). To be sure, the audience should be known. Who is the Asian farmer, for instance, whose ways are sought to be changed? This is an extremely important question. Again, one should know his audience in order to evaluate his data. It has been found that the reliability of farmers’ responses depends upon the respondent’s image of the researcher or interviewer and their expectations from the project. The Role of the Change Agent Be that as it may, to understand the subsistence farmer’s response or lack of response to the innovations sought to be introduced, the innovation itself must be proved, and the role of the change agent fully studied. On the latter point, one of the findings is that oftentimes a change agency is as rigid as the farmers it seeks to change. A former consultant has been quoted as saying that â€Å"the problems of development exist just as much in the organization charged with instituting change schemes as they do in the populace they are trying to change. † (Kumata 1960) To other findings have come out of the Philippine experiments. One is that a change agent can hardly expect to be effective unless his roles is accepted by his clientele. Rapport with the villagers, therefore, becomes a key factor. The other is that the agent of change in the Philippines should have a versatility unmatched by his counterpart in the West. The enormity and diversity of problem situations he comes to grips with require an interdisciplinary thinking, especially when he is the only social scientist within a radius of many kilometers. He should not be just a rural sociologist or an agricultural economist but a social scientist with expert preparation in his own discipline. He needs sophistication in social theory, mastery of research methodology, adequate comprehension of bureaucracy and political behavior, and intensive exposure to the world of village action, administration and policy. Towards a Theory for Developing Asian Nations It is of the highest priority that the teachers and practitioners in the social sciences in Asia emancipate themselves from the value-bias of Western concepts and postulates of reasoning. There is need for escaping the universalizing that characterizes much of the social sciences as they have developed in Western academic circles. Asian social scientists should undergo a truly creative engagement with their own culture and society, making use, in the process, of frameworks that provide standards of relevance to the experiences and aspirations of their own people. It should be constantly borne in the mind that there are limits to the applicability of Western concepts, values and method to Asian realities. It is important therefore, that organized efforts be undertaken to compile and codify the vast amount of scattered data on particular subjects of social research in the different countries which are to be found in research offices and libraries of universities. With a commitment to intellectual efforts with a decidedly Asian value base, more genuine works of scholarships in the social sciences should come out of the academic world. With the growing data from field works and social sciences which enable d us to verify the referents of concepts in our respective countries, we may usefully embark on the ambitious project of setting up a theory for the developing Asian nations, and in the process, hopefully, understand ourselves. How to cite Sociology and Social Sciences, Papers

Effective Leadership in The Healthcare and Administrative Fields

Questions: Identify a leader from a company that has been in the news recently, a leader you currently or previously worked under, or a leader in the community who you are familiar with (this may require interviewing the leader). Then, use critical theory evaluation skills to identify a minimum of three (3) peer-reviewed journal articles on the traits of leaders in the selected leaders industry or field. For instance, if the leader is the administrator of a hospital, your scholarly articles will focus on traits deemed necessary for effective leadership in the healthcare and/or administrative fields. Next, draft a critical analysis that conveys the extent to which this leader exemplifies the Big Five personality traits, as well as the traits indicative of an effective leader in his or her field or industry as evidenced in the literature. Determine the extent to which this individual has the personality profile of an effective leader. In addition, provide an example of an issue that this leader is either currently facing or recently dealt with, and then examine the managerial roles he or she played and the leadership skills used before, during, and after the issue was resolved. Explore the ethical considerations (if any) pertaining to this issue, consider those experienced by the individual and/or directly related to the organization, and then evaluate how the individual handled them.? Answers: Jeff Bezos is the CEO and leader in a leading Ecommerce site named as Amazon. He has a great contribution towards the internet world with the innovation of a new concept, predictive analytics. This is a technique of attracting the customers by analyzing their product liking. The search histories of each customer are found out and the particular products are recommended to buyers. Many people can be irritated with this method. But, the online business has received profit with this mechanism. Many people are buying the products after that are recommended by the Ecommerce websites. Apart from this new concept, Jeff Bezos is a leader who cares about each customer. He personally read the emails of his customers and takes immediate action if something goes wrong with them. With such a kind and professional leader, customers of Ecommerce website will never stay disappointed. (STREITFELD KANTOR, 2015) He is the founder and maker of the E-commerce website Amazon.com . The site has become a top online shopping site since 2013. The leader has his personal wealth estimated as the US $ 59.2 BILLION. An interview of Jeff Bezos An exclusive interview was organized on the Jeff Bezos with the US broadcaster, Chralie Rose. The questions asked to The Amazons CEO and founder is answered in a clear and effective way. Following are the step wise interview details. Is Drone coming soon in US? Jeff As compared to US, the scheme of UK regulatory is much more advanced. But the FAA is also caught in the US. Jeff also explained about the technical facts related to the delivery of Drone. He also said that, the approval of delivery in the US is a big stumbling block. Yet, Jeff is quite confident that Drone will come very soon. According to him, the delivery will be as easy as the mail trucks. Approximately a years time scale is measured. But, Jeff assured that it will happen. (Quinn, 2015) What is the news about the exciting new car based program in Amazon prime? Jeff- This is going to be a good opportunity for the Top gear team and Clarkson. Jeff also said that the new program along with other originals of Amazon like Jeffry Tambors Transparent is going to define Prime. He also thinks that this is going to be optimized as a golden edge television. A Few years back, latent was needed to do TV serials. Even getting a chance is really rare. But today, the scenario will change completely. Is Amazon fresh going to be launched in the UK? Jeff Amazon fresh is operated in the US for many years. Also, it is going very well with regards to its operation and customer satisfaction. Jeff also said the team has planned to expand it as well. He suggests people stay tuned in the UK. The founder also said that, customers of Amazon wish to get shopping in many ways. Thus, both online shopping and physical retail stores are going to stay parallel. Customers can get satisfaction in both the ways. (Ignatius, 2014) Is Amazon Web Services or AWS going to be a spun off? Amazon Web services or AWS is one of the businesses within Amazons wing that is based on a cloud computing platform. The customers of this business include Just Eat, Pinterest and AirBnB. According to some of the investors, the company is going to be stripped off. Jeff- The founder and CEO Bezos totally rejected the idea. He said that this business wont be able to go a long way. Rather, this will distract the organization from its main focus. He is satisfied with the present state of the company as it is going really well as of now. Can Bezos control himself in front of other entrepreneurs? Jeff- Jeff gets weakened in front of other entrepreneurs. Even he express gets charmed after meeting his fellow. He has wealth, but feels happy to share with the expectation of making more money. He also said he does personal investment with curiosity. But all investment may not be a good investment with the profit motive. (Kissmetrics team, 2016) Critical theory evaluation Peer review Amazon Founder and CEO, Jeff Bezos have come out as 1st position. He was even successful with the scientific approach to the task. The review was done on the total shareholders return and market capitalization. The analysis was made on long-term result where he was proved to be an active CEO over his entire tenure. The critics also have found out that a good CEO should be more than profitability and investment. This trait was also found in Jeff Bezos. He is a true leader with the traits of leading a company. He has many more skills which hardly could be measured. Some of the skills include his long-term planning, strategic vision, authenticity etc. Effective trait of effective leadership Critical Analysis Amazons Founder, Jeff Bezos has endless traits that would inspire people. But let us name 5 of them that make him a complete leader. (Horton, 2014) Stubborn and flexible According to Jeff, a good leader must be stubborn as well as flexible at the same time. With regards to the vision and viewpoint, he is stubborn. But with regards to tactics, the leader is flexible. But, the leader must know when to be stubborn and when to stay flexible. (ECONOMY, 2013) Keep on experimenting Experimenting is another lesson which every young entrepreneur must learn from Amazon CEO. One should keep on experimenting as you never know when a trial experiment can become an invention. The leader never gets tired of experimenting as this is how new products are found with the new methodology. (Leadership Blog, 2012) Connect customer and employees Some entrepreneurs have a habit of keeping the customers and employees in two extreme levels. But, this is where your business lacks. A good leader must make a perfect link between the employees and customers. If the communication between them runs successfully, there will be no gaps in operation. Naturally the trade will stay in profit. Two pizza rule The founder of Amazon, Jeff has always believed in two pizza rule. This means that the group must be small. This means smaller the group, more effective will be communication between them. Jeff tried this in the Amazon with the gold feature box. It has been observed that as the team starts growing, effectiveness in operation reduces. Thus, the output also reduces. (GILLETT, 2014) Focus on customer satisfaction Unlike any other business leaders who hardly have time for customers, Jeff actually reads each and every customer complaints and takes necessary action. He forwards the mail to the escalating team with two question marks. The receiver takes the email very seriously and resolves the issue very soon by personally communicating with customers. (GIANG, 2013) The current issue faced by Jeff Bezos The Amazons Founder has to face a great challenge when he bought Washington Post. He got a major success when he started selling books online. This has become a multi-dollar business which created massive changes in the retail industry. He announced the buying of the Washington Post along with other newspaper. But, this created a shock when people related to this post became aware of the fact. But, there is some disappointment among the mass. Some of the journalists attached to this company also shed their tears. According to Forbes Magazine, Bezos has the fortune valued at $25 billion. Thus, he is quite rich to optimize the losses of a newspaper. Jeff also mentioned that he is buying this newspaper company as an individual. He is not involving his company, Amazon Inc in this. Bezos also said that, he will be serving as Amazon CEO as his day job. But, he will also keep another phase at Washington. But, it is for sure that people can see the changes. (Zongker, Gordon, Gresko, 2013) Many people and employees associated with the Washington post could not take the change of ownership positively. They even thought that their deployment in the company will be disrupted. The whole operation can go through changes. Now, many of us cannot take the changes in a positive way. Here arises the disappointment. Bezos uttered a statement where he surely understood the important role of Washington post among the people and in Washington. Thus, he assured that the value will never change. As a letter to its employee, Bezos also said that the paper duty will stay within its reader and not among the personal interest. Jeff also assured that he will actually follow the foot step its much known publisher Katharine Graham. The Amazons founder also promised to keep the family members of Graham, its CEO as well as a publisher within the post. He wont even lose the senior manager of the post, who has been working for years. Jeff is the leader with an innovative mind. He knows how to make maximum utilization of technology in the right time. Keeping the pace with quality and innovation is where he stands. (NAKASHIMA, 2013) My analysis and handling the issue In my opinion, Jeff Bezos has handled the situation in an effective way. I too would like to handle the situation by keeping the emphasis on human values. This is the situation where people associated with Washington posts are facing crises. They are getting unsecured with the transfer of posts ownership. Some of the employees are afraid as they think they are going to lose their job. The question of financial security became a major issue. The leadership trait needed in this situation includes persuasion abilities. This is the trait due to which people will easily belief in you and your credibility. In this situation where you are acquiring a business, it is important to win over the mind of people in such situation. Your reputation in the market plays a major role in influencing people. Integrity is another trait which I believe is important for a leader to resolve such situation. A leader must have the trait to integrate people and work for the productivity of the company. He must stay beside the employees to solve their economical difficulties. He should abide by the word of mouth and meet his commitments. (Bezos, 2013) The Empowering capability is another trait which a leader must possess. Since the issue relates to employees and people related to the post, convincing those people with his worth is a necessity. It is important to make the associates feel emboldened. They must also feel powerful with your leadership trait. They must have a belief in you to get major benefits. Engagement quality is also another important fact which a leader in this situation must possess. If I would have been a leader, I would create some situations to engage the employees by providing recognition to them. This will also include motivation of the employees. Their work should be valued in order to boost up their performance. People working for very long hours must be provided with some relief. This will help to control internal environmental crisis. Bibliography Bezos, J. (2013, August 05). Jeff Bezos on Post purchase. Jeff Bezos on Post purchase. 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